Archive for the 'Word by Word' Category

9月 04 2008

Beijing: 从“贝辛”到“贝进”

Published by under Word by Word

这次北京奥运,大批英国记者涌向北京,至少出现了一项改进:现在许多英国记者说起“北京” Beijing,发音已经从过去的“贝辛”,改为现在的“贝进”。其实英语中有 jin 这个音,但是过去不少记者就是爱把 j 发成法语中 Jacque 中的 j 音,好象说话活洋腔洋调就是说外语了似的。记得听到过对 BBC 内“发音部”人员的采访,其中一位可爱的大姐说她“最恨的就是有人把‘北京’念成‘贝辛’了”。

对地名人名的发音要尽量尊重母语发音,目前已经是共识。不过还是有固执的,Geoffrey Wheatcroft 在《卫报》上写文章,说改地名通常是政治原因和权力交替的结果,所以把北京叫 Peking 也没什么不好

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8月 20 2008

Virtual water

Published by under Word by Word

今天《卫报》网站上一组照片介绍了我们日常消耗的食物中的所带的 virtual water。Virtual water 这个概念是用来计算生产食物所需要的用水量,看看这些数字,是很让人吃惊的--一杯咖啡要消耗140升水。

Virtual water 多翻译成“虚拟水”,让人摸不着头脑。其实一个比较符合原意的翻译,应该是“隐性水耗”,即我们在不知不觉中消耗的水资源。

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7月 27 2008

Monkey

Published by under BBC,Word by Word

影评人 Mark Kermode 在 BBC Five Live 上评论本周电影,谈到《功夫之王》(The Forbidden Kingdom)时,说:

There are so much Monkey going around at the moment.

然后教育主持人 Colin Murray 说:

They’re not a monkey. Monkey – Monky King.

他说的 Monkey 就是孙悟空,最近 BBC 的北京奥运转播宣传片是以孙悟空为主角,正在伦敦公演的是 Damon Albarn 的歌剧《西游记》(Monkey: Journey to the West),据 Mark Kermode 说,《功夫之王》中也有孙悟空元素。

绝大多数英国观众基本不了解《西游记》,他们对孙悟空的印象,完全来自于一部70年代,曾在英国播出的日本电视连续剧 Monkey。看过一点,是很简陋的日本动作片。

(Mark Kermode 对《功夫之王》的评价是

It is not anything as good as it could be.)

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7月 04 2008

Patron

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2008年的环法自行车赛明天正式开始。今天在《卫报》上看到一篇有趣的文章,说的是 Le Tour 中的 Patron

按这篇文章的说法:

Induráin was a Patron, a man who ruled the peloton like a medieval pope.

文章解释,象环法自行车赛这样的多日自行车赛事,各个时代都有一个绝对强势的领军人物,其他车手,对他不仅是“尊敬”,而且是“臣服”。

Induráin 是环法自行车赛90年代初期的风云人物,后来的 Lance Armstrong 也有类似地位。不过《每日电讯报》上的一篇文章似乎不同意这一点,认为80年代法国的 Hinault 是最后的 Patron。

With is natural air of authority and peerless record amongst his contemporaries, Hinault ruled with a rod of iron, perhaps the last great patron the Tour has known.

Patron 可以解释成赞助人、保护人、顾客、支持人等等,不过在这里比较形象的,大概是翻译成“龙头老大”。

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6月 24 2008

Esq

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Philip Howard 在《泰晤士报》上谈姓名后面各种缩写的正确次序时,提到了男人名字后面可以加的缩写 Esq。Esq 即 esquire,最早是用来指地位仅近低于“骑士”(knight),但高于“绅士”(gentleman)的男子,后来又有多种用法,现在基本上已经没有意义,是个男人都可以说是 esquire。不过在美国却专门用于律师,不论男女。如果非要用 Esq,最重要的是记得 Esq 是只能用于书面形式的对他人的尊称,而且用了这种过时的尊称对方也不见得高兴。

在《泰晤士报》上刊登的英格兰地区 Sheriff 任命名单上,每个男人的名字后面还是跟 Esq 的。

Philip Howard on the use of Esq:

Indeed there are rules. These are largely obsolescent. An esquire was at first “a young man of gentle birth, who, as an aspirant to knighthood, attended upon a knight, carried his shield, and rendered him other services”. It became also “a man belonging to the higher order of English gentry, ranking immediately below a knight”. Several classes of men became entitled to be called esquires — younger sons of peers, eldest sons of knights; judges, barristers-at-law, and many others. By now Esq has lost all sense of rank, and can be attached (in correspondence) to the name of any adult male. In the US, Esq is often used by lawyers, both male and female, when referring to or addressing one another in writing. The suffix is dying, let it die.

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6月 22 2008

Soup of letters

Published by under Word by Word

上周《卫报》(Guardian)介绍英国一位因为给两位同性恋教士主持婚礼(civil partnership)而受到教会指责的牧师 Martin Dudley 时,开头第一句是这样的:

Until last Sunday few people had heard of the Reverend Dr Martin Dudley BD MSc MTh PhD FSA FRHistS AKC.

中国人喜欢在名片上加一堆头衔,英国人正式起来,就会在名字后面加一串学历职称资格头衔的缩写,弄出一堆让人莫名其妙的缩写来。

而且加缩写还是有规矩的。《泰晤士报》(Times)上的Philip Howard做了一个很有用的介绍,简单地说就是学历在先,从医资格(如果有的话)在后。但是如果还有御准非御准的头衔的话,就更复杂了。

The short answer is that university degrees precede medical qualifications in the position of letters after the name. The long answer is that Bt or Bart (for a baronet) and Esq, if applicable, precede all other letters. Then orders and decorations conferred by the Crown. Then appointments such as Privy Counsellor, Aide de Camp to Her Maj, Honorary Physician to the Queen. Then university degrees. Then religious orders. Then medical qualifications. Then fellowships of learned societies. Then secondary (ie non-royal) appointments, such as QC, JP, DL, MP. Finally membership of one of the armed forces, such as RN or RAF. Phew. I should take Occam’s Razor to all such alphabet soup of letters after names. Abbrevs and honorifics, like entia, non sunt multiplicanda.

回头看 Martin Dudley 的头衔,我知道 MSc = Master of Science,MTh = Master of Philosophy,PhD = Doctor of Philosophy,能猜出 FRHistS = Fellow of Royal Historic Society,其它就猜不出了。

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6月 09 2008

Radiant

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Tony Blair 最近以中东四方特使的身份回到英国众议院参加某个委员会的听证会。《卫报》的 Simon Hoggart 用了 radiant 来形容这位前首相:

He looked, and I choose this word with care, radiant. His skin glowed with the warmth of the sun we at home rarely see. His teeth gleamed so brilliantly that you could use any one as a tiny shaving mirror, for a vole. His hair is slightly shorter, trimmed to keep the formidable Blair brain cool and whirring in the Middle East. He looked far more relaxed than at any time I’ve seen him since his 1997 election victory.

Relaxed and radiant return for the global superstar

Radiant (容光焕发) 这个赞美之词,也不是随便用的。在《每日电讯报》上,上次用 radiant 形容某人是用在法国前第一夫人 Cécilia 身上。

Radiant Cécilia puts Sarkozy in the shade

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5月 05 2008

artsy

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Miley Cyrus 的“露背照”风波,她为自己的辩护是觉得 Vanity Fair 的 Annie Leibovitz 把她拍得“好看自然” (pretty and natural),并且“很有艺术感”(really artsy)。

Artsy 是 arty 的变种,而 arty 已经是很口语化的说法,可谓是 teen talk。《卫报》上 Germaine Greer 尖刻地说

If by this she meant artistic, rather than artsy-fartsy, she was right on the money.

artistic 是褒意,artsy-fartsy 则完全是贬意了,比“附庸风雅”还不如。

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3月 26 2008

Tata

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英国的小报爱在头版标题上玩文字游戏,最近的麦卡特尼离婚案,让各家小报有几个月的时间可以拿两个当事人的名字和 Beatles 的歌名开玩笑。大报们一般不参与这个,但今天的《每日电讯报》(The Daily Telegraph)还是忍不住插了一脚,不过他们报道的还是严肃新闻。今天的头版图片的标题是:

Ford Says Tata to Jaguar

Jaguar 是老牌英国车,几年前被美国牌子 Ford 收购,现在 Ford 把 Jaguar 卖给了印度的 Tata 集团。Ta-ta 又是英国俚语,相当于 bye-bye。

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3月 11 2008

Elizabeth : 名字的游戏

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在王家卫新作 My Blueberry Nights 中,Norah Jones 的角色离开纽约去了孟菲斯,Jude Law 演的男主角一家家地给孟菲斯的饭店打电话,找一个叫 Elizabeth 的女孩。可是在孟菲斯,她晚上工作的酒吧里,别人都叫她 Lizzy,而在白天打工的快餐店中,她胸口的名牌上写着 Betty。到了拉斯维加斯的赌场,她的名字变成了 Beth。

其实 Lizzy,Betty,Beth 都是 Elizabeth 的简写或者昵称,所以她也不算改了名字。Elizebath 的简写或昵称非常之多,wikipedia 列出的有超过70个。伊丽莎白二世 (Elizabeth II)小时候给亲人写信,署的就是昵称之一 Lillibeth 。

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